{"id":21919,"date":"2025-05-28T02:24:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T02:24:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/?p=21919"},"modified":"2025-05-28T02:24:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T02:24:08","slug":"trumpin-yarattigi-yeni-kriz-panama-kanali-ve-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/28\/trumpin-yarattigi-yeni-kriz-panama-kanali-ve-tarihcesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump’\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni kriz: Panama Kanal\u0131 ve tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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01<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemi \u00f6ncesi sosyal medyada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla olduk\u00e7a ses getiren ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 diplomatik ili\u015fkilere y\u00f6nelik endi\u015feler uyand\u0131ran Trump, ticari yapt\u0131r\u0131m tehditlerinin dozunu giderek art\u0131r\u0131yor. Trump yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla Panama Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ABD gemilerine uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f maliyetlerinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek Panama\u2019n\u0131n \u00c7in\u2019le olan ili\u015fkilerini hedef g\u00f6sterdi. Trump, gerekti\u011fi takdirde kanal\u0131n ABD taraf\u0131ndan kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Peki k\u00fcresel ticarette bu denli stratejik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan Panama Kanal\u2019\u0131 tarihsel olarak kimin hakimiyetindeydi ve nas\u0131l bir politik ortamdan do\u011fdu?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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02<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\u015eu anda Panama Cumhuriyet\u2019i idaresinde olan ve S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019yla birlikte d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kritik iki yapay su yolundan biri olan Panama Kanal\u0131, A\u011fustos 1914\u2019te ABD devleti taraf\u0131ndan tamamland\u0131. Kanal\u0131n tarih\u00e7esi ise olduk\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k. <\/p>\n

Panama Kanal\u0131 ile ilgili ilk tasar\u0131lar; 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda, ABD\u2019li ve \u0130ngiliz i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Atlantik-Pasifik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme isteklerinden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu konu \u00fczerine uzun s\u00fcren ABD-\u0130ngiliz rekabeti, 1850 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan ve Nikaragua Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden ge\u00e7en ortak bir kanal kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7layan Clayten-Bulwer Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla son buldu. Fakat bu \u0130ngiliz-Amerikan kanal ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7emedi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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03<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Panama K\u0131sta\u011f\u0131\u2019nda ilk kez bir kanal in\u015fa etme giri\u015fimi ise 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda, o zamanlar Panama topraklar\u0131na sahip olan Kolombiya taraf\u0131ndan imtiyaz yoluyla Frans\u0131z sermayeli \u201cCompagnie Universelle du Canal Interoceanique\u201d \u015firketine verilmi\u015fti. Ayn\u0131 zamanda S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131 da in\u015fa etmi\u015f olan \u015firket Panama\u2019da deniz seviyesinde kurulacak bir kanal projesi haz\u0131rlad\u0131. \u015eirketin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu proje, Panama\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle Frans\u0131z m\u00fchendis Adolphe Godin de Lepinay taraf\u0131ndan protesto edildi. Fakat Lepinay\u2019\u0131n protestolar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelindi ve kanal projesine ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131. Panama\u2019n\u0131n tropikal topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ve ikliminin g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmesi, yanl\u0131\u015f teknolojinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar gibi sebeplerle proje finansman\u0131 sa\u011flanamad\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z \u015firketin projesi yar\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. 9 y\u0131ll\u0131k ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z proje giri\u015fimi 20 binin \u00fczerinde i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve proje sahibi \u015firketin batmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Art\u0131k kanal i\u00e7in tek umut b\u00f6lgede kanal \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilecek yeni bir \u015firket olu\u015fturulmas\u0131yd\u0131. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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04<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD devreye girdi. O y\u0131l imzalanan Hay-Pauncefote Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019yla kendisine bir kanal in\u015fa etme izni tan\u0131yan ABD, 1902 Spooner Yasas\u0131\u2019yla birlikte, Panama\u2019da kanal projesinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131lan Frans\u0131z \u015firketin hisselerini sat\u0131n alma ve Kolombiya\u2019yla anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde projeyi devralma niyetlerini resmile\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu. Fakat Kolombiya Meclisi\u2019nde ABD taraf\u0131ndan sunulan finansal \u015fartlar\u0131n kabul edilemez bulunmas\u0131yla birlikte iki devlet aras\u0131nda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131lamad\u0131. D\u00f6nemin ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Roosevelt bu anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara, ABD sava\u015f gemilerini Panama \u015eehri ve Kolon\u2019a g\u00f6ndererek cevap verdi. Kolombiya\u2019n\u0131n ABD tehdidine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermekte yetersiz kalmas\u0131 sonucunda 3 Kas\u0131m 1903\u2019te Panama ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Panama\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda in\u015fa ve y\u00f6netim hakk\u0131 ABD\u2019ye devredilen Panama Kanal\u0131 projesi 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamland\u0131. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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05<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Panama Kanal\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7en ana ticaret rotalar\u0131; ABD\u2019nin do\u011fusu ve Do\u011fu Asya, ABD\u2019nin do\u011fusu ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131, Avrupa ve G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131, Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusu ve Avustralya aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. Uluslararas\u0131 kanal trafi\u011fini ise a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak ABD\u2019nin do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Asya rotas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri etkiliyor. Kanalda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen uzun ton kargo ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilk 5 s\u0131rada ABD, \u00c7in, Japonya, G\u00fcney Kore ve \u015eili \u00fclkeleri bulunuyor. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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06<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Kuruldu\u011fu 1914 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1979\u2019a kadar tamamen ABD\u2019nin elinde olan Panama Kanal\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, 1979 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Panama Cumhuriyeti ve ABD\u2019nin ortak olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Panama Kanal Komisyonu\u2019na ge\u00e7ti. 1999 senesinde ise y\u00f6netimi tamamen, Panama Cumhuriyeti taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan Panama Kanal Otoritesi\u2019ne devredildi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde hala bu kuruma ba\u011fl\u0131 olan kanal\u0131n gelirlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 her y\u0131l do\u011frudan Panama hazinesine aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Panama taraf\u0131ndan bu tutar\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz mali y\u0131lda 2.5 milyar dolar oldu\u011fu bildirildi. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n

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Kaynak :\u00a0https:\/\/www.bloomberght.com\/trump-in-yarattigi-yeni-kriz-panama-kanali-ve-tarihcesi-3737731<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD’nin se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n Panama Kanal\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, kanal\u0131n tarih\u00e7esinde ABD’nin rol\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden g\u00fcndeme getirdi. \u0130\u015fte Trump’\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni kriz Panama Kanal\u0131’n\u0131n tarihinde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[245,1737,2684,182,356],"manset":[],"class_list":["post-21919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ekonomi","tag-abd","tag-kanal","tag-panama","tag-sirket","tag-tarafindan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21919"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21927,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21919\/revisions\/21927"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21919"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21919"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21919"},{"taxonomy":"manset","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kamucalisanlari.net\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manset?post=21919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}